General Information of the m6A Regulator (ID: REG00022)
Regulator Name YTH domain-containing protein 1 (YTHDC1)
Synonyms
Splicing factor YT521; YT521-B; KIAA1966; YT521
    Click to Show/Hide
Gene Name YTHDC1
Sequence
MAADSREEKDGELNVLDDILTEVPEQDDELYNPESEQDKNEKKGSKRKSDRMESTDTKRQ
KPSVHSRQLVSKPLSSSVSNNKRIVSTKGKSATEYKNEEYQRSERNKRLDADRKIRLSSS
ASREPYKNQPEKTCVRKRDPERRAKSPTPDGSERIGLEVDRRASRSSQSSKEEVNSEEYG
SDHETGSSGSSDEQGNNTENEEEGVEEDVEEDEEVEEDAEEDEEVDEDGEEEEEEEEEEE
EEEEEEEEEYEQDERDQKEEGNDYDTRSEASDSGSESVSFTDGSVRSGSGTDGSDEKKKE
RKRARGISPIVFDRSGSSASESYAGSEKKHEKLSSSVRAVRKDQTSKLKYVLQDARFFLI
KSNNHENVSLAKAKGVWSTLPVNEKKLNLAFRSARSVILIFSVRESGKFQGFARLSSESH
HGGSPIHWVLPAGMSAKMLGGVFKIDWICRRELPFTKSAHLTNPWNEHKPVKIGRDGQEI
ELECGTQLCLLFPPDESIDLYQVIHKMRHKRRMHSQPRSRGRPSRREPVRDVGRRRPEDY
DIHNSRKKPRIDYPPEFHQRPGYLKDPRYQEVDRRFSGVRRDVFLNGSYNDYVREFHNMG
PPPPWQGMPPYPGMEQPPHHPYYQHHAPPPQAHPPYSGHHPVPHEARYRDKRVHDYDMRV
DDFLRRTQAVVSGRRSRPRERDRERERDRPRDNRRDRERDRGRDRERERERLCDRDRDRG
ERGRYRR
    Click to Show/Hide
Function
Regulator of alternative splicing that specifically recognizes and binds N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-containing RNAs. M6A is a modification present at internal sites of mRNAs and some non-coding RNAs and plays a role in the efficiency of mRNA splicing, processing and stability. Acts as a key regulator of exon-inclusion or exon-skipping during alternative splicing via interaction with mRNA splicing factors SRSF3 and SRSF10. Specifically binds m6A-containing mRNAs and promotes recruitment of SRSF3 to its mRNA-binding elements adjacent to m6A sites, leading to exon-inclusion during alternative splicing. In contrast, interaction with SRSF3 prevents interaction with SRSF10, a splicing factor that promotes exon skipping: this prevents SRSF10 from binding to its mRNA-binding sites close to m6A-containing regions, leading to inhibit exon skipping during alternative splicing. May also regulate alternative splice site selection. Also involved in nuclear export of m6A-containing mRNAs via interaction with SRSF3: interaction with SRSF3 facilitates m6A-containing mRNA-binding to both SRSF3 and NXF1, promoting mRNA nuclear export. Involved in S-adenosyl-L-methionine homeostasis by regulating expression of MAT2A transcripts, probably by binding m6A-containing MAT2A mRNAs (By similarity). Also recognizes and binds m6A on other RNA molecules. Involved in random X inactivation mediated by Xist RNA: recognizes and binds m6A-containing Xist and promotes transcription repression activity of Xist. Also recognizes and binds m6A-containing single-stranded DNA. Involved in germline development: required for spermatogonial development in males and oocyte growth and maturation in females, probably via its role in alternative splicing (By similarity).
    Click to Show/Hide
Gene ID 91746
Uniprot ID
YTDC1_HUMAN
Regulator Type WRITER ERASER READER
Mechanism Diagram Click to View the Original Diagram
Target Genes Click to View Potential Target Genes of This Regulator
Full List of Target Gene(s) of This m6A Regulator and Corresponding Disease/Drug Response(s)
YTHDC1 can regulate the m6A methylation of following target genes, and result in corresponding disease/drug response(s). You can browse corresponding disease or drug response(s) resulted from the regulation of certain target gene.
Browse Target Gene related Disease
Browse Target Gene related Drug
DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 (MCM4)
Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by YTHDC1
Cell Line MOLM-13 cell line Homo sapiens
Treatment: shYTHDC1 MOLM13 cells
Control: shControl MOLM13 cells
GSE168565
Regulation
logFC: -1.63E+00
p-value: 3.74E-32
More Results Click to View More RNA-seq Results
Acute myeloid leukaemia [ICD-11: 2A60]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [1]
Responsed Disease Acute myeloid leukaemia [ICD-11: 2A60]
Pathway Response DNA replication hsa03030
Cell Process DNA replication
Response Summary YTHDC1 knockdown has a strong inhibitory effect on proliferation of primary AML cells. YTHDC1 regulates leukemogenesis through DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 (MCM4), which is a critical regulator of DNA replication.
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A (HSPA1A)
Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by YTHDC1
Cell Line MOLM-13 cell line Homo sapiens
Treatment: shYTHDC1 MOLM13 cells
Control: shControl MOLM13 cells
GSE178859
Regulation
logFC: 8.78E-01
p-value: 3.66E-03
More Results Click to View More RNA-seq Results
Effects of heat [ICD-11: NF01]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [2]
Responsed Disease Effects of heat [ICD-11: NF01]
Target Regulation Down regulation
Pathway Response RNA degradation hsa03018
In-vitro Model
HeLa Endocervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0030
MEF (Mouse embryonic fibroblasts)
Response Summary Heat directly binds to Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A (HSPA1A), thereby targeting stress genes in a trans-acting manner. Intriguingly, Heat is heavily methylated in the form of m6A. Heat mediates these effects via the nuclear m6A reader YTHDC1, forming a transcriptional silencing complex for stress genes. Reveals a crucial role of nuclear epitranscriptome in the transcriptional regulation of heat shock response.
Mutated in multiple advanced cancers 1 (PTEN)
Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by YTHDC1
Cell Line MOLM-13 cell line Homo sapiens
Treatment: shYTHDC1 MOLM13 cells
Control: shControl MOLM13 cells
GSE168565
Regulation
logFC: 7.38E-01
p-value: 4.67E-08
More Results Click to View More RNA-seq Results
Acute ischemic stroke [ICD-11: 8B11]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [3]
Responsed Disease Acute ischemic stroke [ICD-11: 8B11]
Target Regulation Down regulation
In-vitro Model
HEK293T Normal Homo sapiens CVCL_0063
In-vivo Model Male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were anesthetized using 4% isoflurane in 70% N2O and 30% O2 with a mask. A midline incision was made in the neck, the left external carotid artery (ECA) was carefully exposed and dissected, a monofilament nylon suture with a diameter of about 0.22 mm was inserted from the ECA into the internal carotid artery, and the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) was blocked. After occlusion for 90 minutes, the suture was removed for reperfusion, and ECA was ligated to close the wound. Sham-operated rats underwent the same surgery except for suture insertion. Rats were maintained on top of a warming pad (RWD, 69003) during the above procedures. The breathing machine was used to monitor the respiration of rats. The rats were returned to a heated cage during the recovery phase with free access to food and water.
Response Summary YTHDC1 promoted Mutated in multiple advanced cancers 1 (PTEN) mRNA degradation to increase Akt phosphorylation, thus facilitating neuronal survival in particular after ischemia, modulating m6A reader YTHDC1 provide a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1)
Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by YTHDC1
Cell Line MOLM-13 cell line Homo sapiens
Treatment: shYTHDC1 MOLM13 cells
Control: shControl MOLM13 cells
GSE168565
Regulation
logFC: 1.02E+00
p-value: 3.33E-09
More Results Click to View More RNA-seq Results
Diabetes [ICD-11: 5A10-5A14]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [4]
Responsed Disease Diabetes [ICD-11: 5A10-5A14]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Pathway Response Autophagy hsa04140
Cell Process Cellular Processes
Cellular Transport
Cellular catabolism
Cell apoptosis
Cell autophagy
In-vitro Model
HaCaT Normal Homo sapiens CVCL_0038
NHEK (Normal human epithelial keratinocytes)
In-vivo Model The WT-si-NC, WT-si-Ythdc1 and WT-si-Sqstm1 groups were intracutaneously injected with corresponding siRNAs (si-NC, si-Ythdc1, or si-Sqstm1, 2.5 nmol) on the circle.
Response Summary In diabetes/diabetic skin, YTHDC1 interacted and cooperated with ELAVL1/HuR (ELAV like RNA binding protein 1) in modulating the expression of Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1).
Diabetic skin lesions [ICD-11: EB90]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [4]
Responsed Disease Diabetic skin lesions [ICD-11: EB90.0]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Pathway Response Autophagy hsa04140
Cell Process Cellular Processes
Cellular Transport
Cellular catabolism
Cell apoptosis
Cell autophagy
In-vitro Model
HaCaT Normal Homo sapiens CVCL_0038
NHEK (Normal human epithelial keratinocytes)
In-vivo Model The WT-si-NC, WT-si-Ythdc1 and WT-si-Sqstm1 groups were intracutaneously injected with corresponding siRNAs (si-NC, si-Ythdc1, or si-Sqstm1, 2.5 nmol) on the circle.
Response Summary In diabetes/diabetic skin, YTHDC1 interacted and cooperated with ELAVL1/HuR (ELAV like RNA binding protein 1) in modulating the expression of Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1).
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 10 (SRSF10)
Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by YTHDC1
Cell Line MOLM-13 cell line Homo sapiens
Treatment: shYTHDC1 MOLM13 cells
Control: shControl MOLM13 cells
GSE168565
Regulation
logFC: -6.79E-01
p-value: 2.34E-06
More Results Click to View More RNA-seq Results
Kaposi's sarcoma [ICD-11: 2B57]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [5]
Responsed Disease Kaposi's sarcoma [ICD-11: 2B57]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Pathway Response Spliceosome hsa03040
In-vitro Model
TIVE-KSHV (KSHV-infected telomerase-immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells (TIVE-KSHV cells))
iSLK-BAC16 cells (Kaposi's sarcoma cells carrying the recombinant KSHV bacterial artificial chromosome 16 (BAC16) (iSLK-BAC16 cells))
HUVEC-C Normal Homo sapiens CVCL_2959
Response Summary Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV) productive lytic replication plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of Kaposi's sarcoma tumors. m6A sites in RTA pre-mRNA crucial for splicing through interactions with YTHDC1, SRSF3 and Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 10 (SRSF10). m6A in regulating RTA pre-mRNA splicing but also suggest that KSHV has evolved a mechanism to manipulate the host m6A machinery to its advantage in promoting lytic replication.
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 11 (SRSF11)
Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by YTHDC1
Cell Line ICM cell line Mus musculus
Treatment: YTHDC1 knockout ICM cells
Control: Wild type ICM cells
GSE157267
Regulation
logFC: -2.75E+00
p-value: 7.07E-03
More Results Click to View More RNA-seq Results
Brain cancer [ICD-11: 2A00]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [6]
Responsed Disease Glioblastoma [ICD-11: 2A00.00]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Pathway Response RNA degradation hsa03018
Cell Process mRNA decay
In-vitro Model
U251 (Fibroblasts or fibroblast like cells)
U-87MG ATCC Glioblastoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0022
In-vivo Model For subcutaneous tumor model, each mouse was injected subcutaneously in the right flank with 2 × 106 U87MG cells (METTL3-KD or control) in 100 uL PBS.
Response Summary Silencing METTL3 or overexpressing dominant-negative mutant METTL3 suppressed the growth and self-renewal of Glioblastoma cells. Integrated transcriptome and MeRIP-seq analyses revealed that downregulating the expression of METTL3 decreased m6A modification levels of Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 11 (SRSF11), which led to YTHDC1-dependent NMD of SRSF transcripts and decreased SRSF protein expression.
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3)
Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by YTHDC1
Cell Line ICM cell line Mus musculus
Treatment: YTHDC1 knockout ICM cells
Control: Wild type ICM cells
GSE157267
Regulation
logFC: -1.77E+00
p-value: 4.66E-05
More Results Click to View More RNA-seq Results
Brain cancer [ICD-11: 2A00]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [6]
Responsed Disease Glioblastoma [ICD-11: 2A00.00]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Pathway Response RNA degradation hsa03018
Cell Process mRNA decay
In-vitro Model
U251 (Fibroblasts or fibroblast like cells)
U-87MG ATCC Glioblastoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0022
In-vivo Model For subcutaneous tumor model, each mouse was injected subcutaneously in the right flank with 2 × 106 U87MG cells (METTL3-KD or control) in 100 uL PBS.
Response Summary Silencing METTL3 or overexpressing dominant-negative mutant METTL3 suppressed the growth and self-renewal of Glioblastoma cells. Integrated transcriptome and MeRIP-seq analyses revealed that downregulating the expression of METTL3 decreased m6A modification levels of Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3), which led to YTHDC1-dependent NMD of SRSF transcripts and decreased SRSF protein expression.
Kaposi's sarcoma [ICD-11: 2B57]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [5]
Responsed Disease Kaposi's sarcoma [ICD-11: 2B57]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Pathway Response Spliceosome hsa03040
In-vitro Model
TIVE-KSHV (KSHV-infected telomerase-immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells (TIVE-KSHV cells))
iSLK-BAC16 cells (Kaposi's sarcoma cells carrying the recombinant KSHV bacterial artificial chromosome 16 (BAC16) (iSLK-BAC16 cells))
HUVEC-C Normal Homo sapiens CVCL_2959
Response Summary Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV) productive lytic replication plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of Kaposi's sarcoma tumors. m6A sites in RTA pre-mRNA crucial for splicing through interactions with YTHDC1, Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) and SRSF10. m6A in regulating RTA pre-mRNA splicing but also suggest that KSHV has evolved a mechanism to manipulate the host m6A machinery to its advantage in promoting lytic replication.
Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by YTHDC1
Cell Line MOLM-13 cell line Homo sapiens
Treatment: shYTHDC1 MOLM13 cells
Control: shControl MOLM13 cells
GSE168565
Regulation
logFC: 1.29E+00
p-value: 9.48E-11
More Results Click to View More RNA-seq Results
Cardiomyopathy [ICD-11: BC43]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [7]
Responsed Disease Dilated cardiomyopathy [ICD-11: BC43.0]
In-vitro Model
Neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (Primary myocyte cells)
Response Summary This study suggests that YTHDC1 plays crucial role in regulating the normal contractile function and the development of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1)
Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by YTHDC1
Cell Line MOLM-13 cell line Homo sapiens
Treatment: shYTHDC1 MOLM13 cells
Control: shControl MOLM13 cells
GSE168565
Regulation
logFC: 1.45E+00
p-value: 5.75E-21
More Results Click to View More RNA-seq Results
Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm [ICD-11: 2B33]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [8]
Responsed Disease Blood malignancies [ICD-11: 2B33.Y]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Cell Process Oncogenic fusion protein expression
In-vitro Model
HEK293T Normal Homo sapiens CVCL_0063
HL-60 Adult acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens CVCL_0002
K-562 Chronic myelogenous leukemia Homo sapiens CVCL_0004
Kasumi-1 Myeloid leukemia with maturation Homo sapiens CVCL_0589
MOLM-13 Adult acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens CVCL_2119
NB4 Acute promyelocytic leukemia Homo sapiens CVCL_0005
In-vivo Model The NOD-SCID mice were intravenously (tail vein) implanted with sh-RNA-established NB4 cells. Direct injection of 5 × 106 shRNA-transformed NB4 cells into 150 uL of PBS was performed to establish intravenous (tail vein) leukemia.
Response Summary MALAT1 hijacks both chimeric mRNAs and fusion protein in nuclear speckles during chromosomal translocation and mediates colocalization with METTL14 in an oncogenic fusion protein such as PML-RARalpha. Reducing MALAT1 or m6A methyltransferases and the 'reader' YTHDC1 result in the universal retention of distinct oncogenic gene (PML-RARalpha) mRNAs in nucleus. Targeting the lncRNA-triggered autoregulatory loop to disrupt chimeric mRNA transport represents a new common paradigm for treating blood malignancies.
Epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3)
Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [9]
Responsed Disease Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60]
Responsed Drug Doxil Approved
Target Regulation Down regulation
Pathway Response Nucleotide excision repair hsa03420
mTOR signaling pathway hsa04150
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway hsa04151
Cell Process DNA repair
In-vitro Model
BT-474 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0179
Hs 578T Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0332
MCF-7 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0031
MDA-MB-231 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0062
SK-BR-3 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0033
Response Summary Epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) blocks Akt-mTOR signaling activation and induces autophagy. EMP3 downregulates YTHDC1, which at least in part mediates the effects of EMP3 on breast cancer cells. EMP3 sensitizes breast cancer cells to the DNA-damaging drug Adriamycin. EMP3 downregulation can be responsible for breast cancer chemoresistance.
High mobility group protein HMGI-C (HMGA2)
Liver cancer [ICD-11: 2C12]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [10]
Responsed Disease Hepatocellular carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C12.02]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Pathway Response Transcriptional misregulation in cancer hsa05202
Cell Process Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Cell autophagy
In-vitro Model
Hep 3B2.1-7 Childhood hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0326
L-02 Endocervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_6926
In-vivo Model To create the xenograft neoplasm system, 40 male BALB/c nude mice aged 5 weeks were randomly separated into sh-NC, sh-circHPS5, sh-circHPS5+CTRL, and sh-circHPS5+SAH groups (n = 5 for each group). HCC cells were subcutaneously injected into the axilla of the nude mice.
Response Summary In hepatocellular carcinoma, METTL3 could direct the formation of circHPS5, and specific m6A controlled the accumulation of circHPS5. YTHDC1 facilitated the cytoplasmic output of circHPS5 under m6A modification. CircHPS5 can act as a miR-370 sponge to regulate the expression of High mobility group protein HMGI-C (HMGA2) and further accelerate hepatocellular carcinoma cell tumorigenesis.
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 6 (SRSF6)
Brain cancer [ICD-11: 2A00]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [6]
Responsed Disease Glioblastoma [ICD-11: 2A00.00]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Pathway Response RNA degradation hsa03018
Cell Process mRNA decay
In-vitro Model
U251 (Fibroblasts or fibroblast like cells)
U-87MG ATCC Glioblastoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0022
In-vivo Model For subcutaneous tumor model, each mouse was injected subcutaneously in the right flank with 2 × 106 U87MG cells (METTL3-KD or control) in 100 uL PBS.
Response Summary Silencing METTL3 or overexpressing dominant-negative mutant METTL3 suppressed the growth and self-renewal of Glioblastoma cells. Integrated transcriptome and MeRIP-seq analyses revealed that downregulating the expression of METTL3 decreased m6A modification levels of Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 6 (SRSF6), which led to YTHDC1-dependent NMD of SRSF transcripts and decreased SRSF protein expression.
Vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 (VPS25)
Brain cancer [ICD-11: 2A00]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [11]
Responsed Disease Glioma [ICD-11: 2A00.0]
Target Regulation Down regulation
Pathway Response JAK-STAT signaling pathway hsa04630
Cell Process Arrest cell cycle at G0/G1 phase
Cell apoptosis
In-vitro Model
U251 (Fibroblasts or fibroblast like cells)
U-87MG ATCC Glioblastoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0022
In-vivo Model The U87MG cells (1 × 107 cells in 0.1 ml PBS) were injected subcutaneously into BALB/c nude mice. Tumor width and length were recorded every 5 days.
Response Summary YTHDC1 inhibited glioma proliferation by reducing the expression of Vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 (VPS25).
microRNA 370 (MIR370)
Liver cancer [ICD-11: 2C12]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [10]
Responsed Disease Hepatocellular carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C12.02]
Pathway Response Transcriptional misregulation in cancer hsa05202
Cell Process Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Cell autophagy
In-vitro Model
Hep 3B2.1-7 Childhood hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0326
L-02 Endocervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_6926
In-vivo Model To create the xenograft neoplasm system, 40 male BALB/c nude mice aged 5 weeks were randomly separated into sh-NC, sh-circHPS5, sh-circHPS5+CTRL, and sh-circHPS5+SAH groups (n = 5 for each group). HCC cells were subcutaneously injected into the axilla of the nude mice.
Response Summary In hepatocellular carcinoma, METTL3 could direct the formation of circHPS5, and specific m6A controlled the accumulation of circHPS5. YTHDC1 facilitated the cytoplasmic output of circHPS5 under m6A modification. CircHPS5 can act as a microRNA 370 (MIR370) sponge to regulate the expression of HMGA2 and further accelerate hepatocellular carcinoma cell tumorigenesis.
hsa-miR-30d
Pancreatic cancer [ICD-11: 2C10]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [12]
Responsed Disease Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [ICD-11: 2C10.0]
Pathway Response Central carbon metabolism in cancer hsa05230
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis hsa00010
Cell Process Glycolysis
In-vitro Model
SW1990 Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_1723
PANC-1 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0480
MIA PaCa-2 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0428
HPNE (Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line HPNE were a gift from Dr. Lingye Tao from Renji hospital)
HPAC Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_3517
CFPAC-1 Cystic fibrosis Homo sapiens CVCL_1119
Capan-2 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0026
Capan-1 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0237
BxPC-3 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0186
AsPC-1 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0152
In-vivo Model To study the effect of miR-30d on liver metastasis of PDACs, 5 × 106 cells in 50 uL of PBS were injected into the spleens of nude mice (6 mice per group). Anesthetized mice were injected intraperitoneally with D-luciferin (150 mg/kg) every other week and imaged using an IVIS 100 imaging system (Xenogen, CA, USA) 10?min after the injection. The mice were sacrificed and their liver metastases were checked by standard histological examination 8-9 weeks after injection.
Response Summary MiR-30d is a novel target for YTHDC1 through m6A modification, and hsa-miR-30d represses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis via suppressing aerobic glycolysis.
hsa_circ_0021427 (circHPS5)
Liver cancer [ICD-11: 2C12]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [10]
Responsed Disease Hepatocellular carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C12.02]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Pathway Response Transcriptional misregulation in cancer hsa05202
Cell Process Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Cell autophagy
In-vitro Model
Hep 3B2.1-7 Childhood hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0326
L-02 Endocervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_6926
In-vivo Model To create the xenograft neoplasm system, 40 male BALB/c nude mice aged 5 weeks were randomly separated into sh-NC, sh-circHPS5, sh-circHPS5+CTRL, and sh-circHPS5+SAH groups (n = 5 for each group). HCC cells were subcutaneously injected into the axilla of the nude mice.
Response Summary In hepatocellular carcinoma, METTL3 could direct the formation of circHPS5, and specific m6A controlled the accumulation of circHPS5. YTHDC1 facilitated the cytoplasmic output of hsa_circ_0021427 (circHPS5) under m6A modification. CircHPS5 can act as a miR-370 sponge to regulate the expression of HMGA2 and further accelerate hepatocellular carcinoma cell tumorigenesis.
hsa_circ_0058493
Liver cancer [ICD-11: 2C12]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [13]
Responsed Disease Hepatocellular carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C12.02]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Pathway Response Hepatocellular carcinoma hsa05225
Cell Process Cell growth and metastasis
In-vitro Model
BEL-7404 Endocervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_6568
HCCLM3 Adult hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_6832
L-02 Endocervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_6926
MHCC97-H Adult hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_4972
SK-HEP-1 Liver and intrahepatic bile duct epithelial neoplasm Homo sapiens CVCL_0525
SMMC-7721 Endocervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0534
In-vivo Model Groups of HCT116-Luc-shCtrl, HCT116-Luc-shLINC00460, and HCT116-Luc-shLINC00460 + HMGA1 cells (5 × 106) were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of mice correspondingly.
Response Summary In hepatocellular carcinoma, hsa_circ_0058493 contained m6A methylation sites and that METTL3 mediated the degree of methylation modification of hsa_circ_0058493. YTHDC1 could bind to hsa_circ_0058493 and promote its intracellular localization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
hsa_circ_0092493 (circ_ARL3)
Liver cancer [ICD-11: 2C12]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [14]
Responsed Disease Hepatocellular carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C12.02]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Cell Process Reverse splicing and biogenesis
In-vitro Model
Hep-G2 Hepatoblastoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0027
In-vivo Model Mice were randomly divided into three groups, and subcutaneously injected with control, circ-ARL3-silenced and circ-ARL3&miR-1305-silenced HepG2.2.15 cells.
Response Summary hsa_circ_0092493 (circ_ARL3) is a critical regulator in HBV-related HCC, targeting the axis of circ-ARL3/miR-1305 can be a promising treatment for HBV+ HCC patients. HBx protein upregulated N6 -methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferases METTL3 expression, increasing the m6A modification of circ-ARL3; then, m6A reader YTHDC1 bound to m6A-modified of circ-ARL3 and favored its reverse splicing and biogenesis. Furthermore, circ-ARL3 was able to sponge miR-1305, antagonizing the inhibitory effects of miR-1305 on a cohort of target oncogenes, thereby promoting HBV+ HCC progression.
Circ_IGF2BP3
Lung cancer [ICD-11: 2C25]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [15]
Responsed Disease Non-small-cell lung carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C25.Y]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Pathway Response PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer hsa05235
Cell Process Immunity
In-vitro Model
SW900 Lung squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_1731
SK-MES-1 Lung squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0630
NCI-H520 Lung squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_1566
NCI-H1975 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_1511
NCI-H1703 Lung squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_1490
NCI-H1650 Minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_1483
HEK293T Normal Homo sapiens CVCL_0063
BEAS-2B Normal Homo sapiens CVCL_0168
A-549 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0023
16HBE14o- Normal Homo sapiens CVCL_0112
In-vivo Model A total of 106 LLC cells transfected with the following constructs were injected subcutaneously into C57BL/6 mice.
Response Summary In non-small-cell lung carcinoma, METTL3 mediates the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of Circ_IGF2BP3 and promotes its circularization in a manner dependent on the m6A reader protein YTHDC1.
PncRNA-D
Liposarcoma [ICD-11: 2B59]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [16]
Responsed Disease Liposarcoma [ICD-11: 2B59]
Target Regulation Down regulation
Pathway Response Cell cycle hsa04110
Cell Process Cell cycle
In-vitro Model
HAP1 Chronic myelogenous leukemia Homo sapiens CVCL_Y019
HeLa Endocervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0030
In-vivo Model ,
Response Summary Knockdown of METTL3 prolonged the half-life of PncRNA-D, and among the known m6A recognition proteins, YTHDC1 was responsible for binding m6A of pncRNA-D Knockdown of METTL3 or YTHDC1 also enhanced the interaction of pncRNA-D with TLS, and results from RNA pulldown assays implicated YTHDC1 in the inhibitory effect on the TLS-pncRNA-D interaction.
Protein E6 (E6)
Malignant neoplasms of tonsil [ICD-11: 2B69]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [17]
Responsed Disease Malignant neoplasms of tonsil [ICD-11: 2B69]
Target Regulation Up regulation
In-vitro Model
WSU-HN26 Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity Homo sapiens CVCL_5523
HeLa Endocervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0030
C33A2 (The C33A2 cell line originates from C33A and has the subgenomic HPV16 plasmid pBELsLuc stably integrated into the genome)
Response Summary Overexpression of the ALKBH5 promoted production of intron retention on the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 mRNAs thereby promoting Protein E6 (E6) mRNA production. METLL3 induced production of intron-containing HPV16 E1 mRNAs over spliced E2 mRNAs and altered HPV16 L1 mRNA splicing in a manner opposite to ALKBH5. Overexpression of YTHDC1, enhanced retention of the E6-encoding intron and promoted E6 mRNA production. HPV16 mRNAs are m6A-methylated in tonsillar cancer cells.
Unspecific Target Gene
Prostate cancer [ICD-11: 2C82]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [18]
Responsed Disease Prostate cancer [ICD-11: 2C82]
Cell Process Cell migration
Cell invasion
In-vitro Model
PC-3 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0035
DU145 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0105
Response Summary Knockdown of HNRNPA2B1 or FTO prominently inhibited prostate cancer cells migration and invasion in vitro experiment. Determined CBLL1, FTO, YTHDC1, HNRNPA2B1 as crucial m6A regulators of prostate cancer.
Asthma [ICD-11: CA23]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [19]
Responsed Disease Asthma [ICD-11: CA23]
In-vivo Model Modelled two groups of female 6-week-old BALB/C mice: severe asthma group and blank control group (n = 3 per group). They had the same feeding conditions and growth environment. Immunization solution: Dissolve 20 mg ovalbumin (OVA) in 1 ml normal saline (NS), after OVA is completely dissolved, dilute 0.4-10 ml and mix well, then it was mixed with the same volume of liquid aluminium adjuvant and placed on a shaking table at 4℃ for 30 min. Challenge solution: Add 0.5 g OVA into 10 ml NS, fully dissolve it, and shake it on a shaking table at 4℃ for 30 min. Immunization: Mice were injected intraperitoneally on days 0 and 12, each with 0.2 ml; the control group was treated with equal volume of normal saline. Challenge: On days 18-23, the mice were atomized by ultrasound in a closed container at a dose of 10 ml once a day for 20 min. Lung tissue was taken 24 h after the last atomization and immediately stored in liquid nitrogen.
Response Summary m6A(YTHDF3 and YTHDC1) modification plays a key role in severe asthma, and is able to guide the future strategy of immunotherapy.
Epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3)
Doxil [Approved]
In total 1 item(s) under this drug
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Drug Response of This Target Gene [9]
Responsed Disease Breast cancer ICD-11: 2C60
Target Regulation Down regulation
Pathway Response Nucleotide excision repair hsa03420
mTOR signaling pathway hsa04150
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway hsa04151
Cell Process DNA repair
In-vitro Model BT-474 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0179
Hs 578T Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0332
MCF-7 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0031
MDA-MB-231 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0062
SK-BR-3 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0033
Response Summary Epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) blocks Akt-mTOR signaling activation and induces autophagy. EMP3 downregulates YTHDC1, which at least in part mediates the effects of EMP3 on breast cancer cells. EMP3 sensitizes breast cancer cells to the DNA-damaging drug Adriamycin. EMP3 downregulation can be responsible for breast cancer chemoresistance.
Xenobiotics Compound(s) Regulating the m6A Methylation Regulator
Compound Name Tamoxifen Approved
Synonyms
tamoxifen; 10540-29-1; trans-Tamoxifen; Crisafeno; Soltamox; Tamoxifene; Diemon; Tamoxifenum; Tamoxifeno; Tamizam; Istubol; Tamoxen; Citofen; Oncomox; Valodex; Retaxim; Tamoxifene [INN-French]; Tamoxifenum [INN-Latin]; Tamoxifeno [INN-Spanish]; Tamoxifen (Z); Tamoxifen and its salts; Tamoxifen [INN:BAN]; ICI-46474; ICI 47699; TRANS FORM OF TAMOXIFEN; CCRIS 3275; UNII-094ZI81Y45; HSDB 6782; CHEMBL83; EINECS 234-118-0; 1-p-beta-Dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl-trans-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene; Citofen; Nourytam; Novaldex; Tamone; Tamoxifeno;Tamoxifenum; Tomaxithen; Gen-Tamoxifen; Istubal (TN); Nolvadex (TN); Nolvadex-D; Novo-Tamoxifen; Pms-Tamoxifen; Tamoplex (TN); Tamoxifen (INN); Tamoxifen (TN); Trans-Tamoxifen; Valodex (TN); TAMOXIFEN (TAMOXIFEN CITRATE (54965-24-1)); Trans-2-[4-(1,2-Diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethylamine; (Z)-1-(p-Dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenyl-1-butene; (Z)-2-(4-(1,2-Diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy)-N,N-dimethylethanamine; (Z)-2-(4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl)phenoxy)-N,N-dimethylethanamine; (Z)-2-(para-(1,2-Diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy)-N,N-dimethylamine (IUPAC); (Z)-2-[4-(1,2)-DIPHENYL-1-BUTENYL)-PHENOXY]-N,N-DIMETHYLETHANAMINE; (Z)-2-[p-(1,2-Diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethylamine; 1-p-beta-Dimethylamino-ethoxyphenyl-trans-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene; 1-para-beta-Dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl-trans-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene; 2-[4-[(Z)-1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl]phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine; 2-{4-[(1Z)-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl]phenoxy}-N,N-dimethylethanamine; Tamoxifen (Hormonal therapy); [3H]tamoxifen
    Click to Show/Hide
External link
Description
Direct suppression of m6A modification ofS-mu-GLT or of m6A reader YTHDC1 reduces CSR. METTL3 enzyme-catalyzed N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification drives recognition and 3' end processing of S-mu-GLT by the RNA exosome, promotingclass switch recombination and suppressing chromosomal translocations. Tamoxifen affects the role of METTL3 in B cell development.
[20]
Compound Name Beta-Elemene Investigative
Synonyms
BETA-ELEMENE; 515-13-9; beta-Elemen; (-)-beta-Elemene; Levo-beta-elemene; b-elemene; Levo-b-elemene; UNII-2QG8CX6LXD; (1S,2S,4R)-1-methyl-2,4-di(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1-vinylcyclohexane; 2,4-Diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1-vinylcyclohexane; (-)-b-Elemene; CHEBI:62855; 2QG8CX6LXD; (1S,2S,4R)-2,4-diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1-vinylcyclohexane; (1S,2S,4R)-(-)-1-methyl-1-vinyl-2,4-diisopropenylcyclohexane; (1S,2S,4R)-1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane; Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, (1S,2S,4R)-; 33880-83-0; (1S,2S,4R)-1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-di(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane; beta-Elemene, (-)-; b-Elemen; E- .beta.-Elemene; Epitope ID:153551; Levo-b-elemene(-)-b-Elemene; CHEMBL448502; DTXSID60881211; SDP-111; 8064AH; s6957; ZINC14096289; AKOS028108977; (-)-beta-Elemene, analytical standard; Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, (1S-(1-alpha,2-beta,4-beta))-; Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, [1S-(1alpha,2beta,4beta)]-; AS-82909; HY-107324; CS-0028143; C17094; E79113; 880E830; Q27132237; 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexane; Cyclohexane, 2,4-diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1-vinyl-, (1S,2S,4R)-
    Click to Show/Hide
External link
Description
Indicated that Beta-elemene administration led to the augment of YTHDC1 level was upregulated
[21]
References
Ref 1 A critical role of nuclear m6A reader YTHDC1 in leukemogenesis by regulating MCM complex-mediated DNA replication. Blood. 2021 Dec 30;138(26):2838-2852. doi: 10.1182/blood.2021011707.
Ref 2 A heat shock-responsive lncRNA Heat acts as a HSF1-directed transcriptional brake via m(6)A modification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Jun 22;118(25):e2102175118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2102175118.
Ref 3 YTHDC1 mitigates ischemic stroke by promoting Akt phosphorylation through destabilizing PTEN mRNA. Cell Death Dis. 2020 Nov 13;11(11):977. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-03186-2.
Ref 4 m(6)A reader YTHDC1 modulates autophagy by targeting SQSTM1 in diabetic skin. Autophagy. 2022 Jun;18(6):1318-1337. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1974175. Epub 2021 Oct 17.
Ref 5 Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Utilizes and Manipulates RNA N(6)-Adenosine Methylation To Promote Lytic Replication. J Virol. 2017 Jul 27;91(16):e00466-17. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00466-17. Print 2017 Aug 15.
Ref 6 N(6)-Methyladenosine Modulates Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay in Human Glioblastoma. Cancer Res. 2019 Nov 15;79(22):5785-5798. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-2868. Epub 2019 Sep 17.
Ref 7 Depletion of m(6) A reader protein YTHDC1 induces dilated cardiomyopathy by abnormal splicing of Titin. J Cell Mol Med. 2021 Dec;25(23):10879-10891. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.16955. Epub 2021 Oct 30.
Ref 8 Nuclear export of chimeric mRNAs depends on an lncRNA-triggered autoregulatory loop in blood malignancies. Cell Death Dis. 2020 Jul 23;11(7):566. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-02795-1.
Ref 9 EMP3 negatively modulates breast cancer cell DNA replication, DNA damage repair, and stem-like properties. Cell Death Dis. 2021 Sep 12;12(9):844. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-04140-6.
Ref 10 m6A modification of circHPS5 and hepatocellular carcinoma progression through HMGA2 expression. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2021 Sep 14;26:637-648. doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.09.001. eCollection 2021 Dec 3.
Ref 11 YTHDC1-mediated VPS25 regulates cell cycle by targeting JAK-STAT signaling in human glioma cells. Cancer Cell Int. 2021 Dec 4;21(1):645. doi: 10.1186/s12935-021-02304-0.
Ref 12 YTHDC1-mediated augmentation of miR-30d in repressing pancreatic tumorigenesis via attenuation of RUNX1-induced transcriptional activation of Warburg effect. Cell Death Differ. 2021 Nov;28(11):3105-3124. doi: 10.1038/s41418-021-00804-0. Epub 2021 May 21.
Ref 13 Methyltransferase-Like 3-Mediated m6A Methylation of Hsa_circ_0058493 Accelerates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Binding to YTH Domain-Containing Protein 1. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Nov 23;9:762588. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.762588. eCollection 2021.
Ref 14 N(6) -methyladenosine modification of circular RNA circ-ARL3 facilitates Hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma via sponging miR-1305. IUBMB Life. 2021 Feb;73(2):408-417. doi: 10.1002/iub.2438. Epub 2020 Dec 28.
Ref 15 N(6)-methyladenosine-modified circIGF2BP3 inhibits CD8(+) T-cell responses to facilitate tumor immune evasion by promoting the deubiquitination of PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer. 2021 Aug 20;20(1):105. doi: 10.1186/s12943-021-01398-4.
Ref 16 Long noncoding RNA pncRNA-D reduces cyclin D1 gene expression and arrests cell cycle through RNA m(6)A modification. J Biol Chem. 2020 Apr 24;295(17):5626-5639. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.011556. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Ref 17 Overexpression of m6A-factors METTL3, ALKBH5, and YTHDC1 alters HPV16 mRNA splicing. Virus Genes. 2022 Apr;58(2):98-112. doi: 10.1007/s11262-022-01889-6. Epub 2022 Feb 21.
Ref 18 RNA m6A Methylation Regulators Multi-Omics Analysis in Prostate Cancer. Front Genet. 2021 Nov 26;12:768041. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.768041. eCollection 2021.
Ref 19 m6A regulator-mediated RNA methylation modification patterns and immune microenvironment infiltration characterization in severe asthma. J Cell Mol Med. 2021 Nov;25(21):10236-10247. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.16961. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
Ref 20 Mechanism of noncoding RNA-associated N(6)-methyladenosine recognition by an RNA processing complex during IgH DNA recombination. Mol Cell. 2021 Oct 7;81(19):3949-3964.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.037. Epub 2021 Aug 26.
Ref 21 Beta-Elemene Restrains PTEN mRNA Degradation to Restrain the Growth of Lung Cancer Cells via METTL3-Mediated N(6) Methyladenosine Modification. J Oncol. 2022 Jan 12;2022:3472745. doi: 10.1155/2022/3472745. eCollection 2022.