General Information of the m6A Regulator (ID: REG00026)
Regulator Name Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 13 (ZC3H13)
Synonyms
KIAA0853
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Gene Name ZC3H13
Sequence
MSKIRRKVTVENTKTISDSTSRRPSVFERLGPSTGSTAETQCRNWLKTGNCLYGNTCRFV
HGPSPRGKGYSSNYRRSPERPTGDLRERMKNKRQDVDTEPQKRNTEESSSPVRKESSRGR
HREKEDIKITKERTPESEEENVEWETNRDDSDNGDINYDYVHELSLEMKRQKIQRELMKL
EQENMEKREEIIIKKEVSPEVVRSKLSPSPSLRKSSKSPKRKSSPKSSSASKKDRKTSAV
SSPLLDQQRNSKTNQSKKKGPRTPSPPPPIPEDIALGKKYKEKYKVKDRIEEKTRDGKDR
GRDFERQREKRDKPRSTSPAGQHHSPISSRHHSSSSQSGSSIQRHSPSPRRKRTPSPSYQ
RTLTPPLRRSASPYPSHSLSSPQRKQSPPRHRSPMREKGRHDHERTSQSHDRRHERREDT
RGKRDREKDSREEREYEQDQSSSRDHRDDREPRDGRDRRDARDTRDRRELRDSRDMRDSR
EMRDYSRDTKESRDPRDSRSTRDAHDYRDREGRDTHRKEDTYPEESRSYGRNHLREESSR
TEIRNESRNESRSEIRNDRMGRSRGRVPELPEKGSRGSRGSQIDSHSSNSNYHDSWETRS
SYPERDRYPERDNRDQARDSSFERRHGERDRRDNRERDQRPSSPIRHQGRNDELERDERR
EERRVDRVDDRRDERARERDRERERDRERERERERERDREREKERELERERARERERERE
KERDRERDRDRDHDRERERERERDREKEREREREERERERERERERERERERERERARER
DKERERQRDWEDKDKGRDDRREKREEIREDRNPRDGHDERKSKKRYRNEGSPSPRQSPKR
RREHSPDSDAYNSGDDKNEKHRLLSQVVRPQESRSLSPSHLTEDRQGRWKEEDRKPERKE
SSRRYEEQELKEKVSSVDKQREQTEILESSRMRAQDIIGHHQSEDRETSDRAHDENKKKA
KIQKKPIKKKKEDDVGIERGNIETTSEDGQVFSPKKGQKKKSIEKKRKKSKGDSDISDEE
AAQQSKKKRGPRTPPITTKEELVEMCNGKNGILEDSQKKEDTAFSDWSDEDVPDRTEVTE
AEHTATATTPGSTPSPLSSLLPPPPPVATATATTVPATLAATTAAAATSFSTSAITISTS
ATPTNTTNNTFANEDSHRKCHRTRVEKVETPHVTIEDAQHRKPMDQKRSSSLGSNRSNRS
HTSGRLRSPSNDSAHRSGDDQSGRKRVLHSGSRDREKTKSLEITGERKSRIDQLKRGEPS
RSTSSDRQDSRSHSSRRSSPESDRQVHSRSGSFDSRDRLQERDRYEHDRERERERRDTRQ
REWDRDADKDWPRNRDRDRLRERERERERDKRRDLDRERERLISDSVERDRDRDRDRTFE
SSQIESVKRCEAKLEGEHERDLESTSRDSLALDKERMDKDLGSVQGFEETNKSERTESLE
GDDESKLDDAHSLGSGAGEGYEPISDDELDEILAGDAEKREDQQDEEKMPDPLDVIDVDW
SGLMPKHPKEPREPGAALLKFTPGAVMLRVGISKKLAGSELFAKVKETCQRLLEKPKDAD
NLFEHELGALNMAALLRKEERASLLSNLGPCCKALCFRRDSAIRKQLVKNEKGTIKQAYT
SAPMVDNELLRLSLRLFKRKTTCHAPGHEKTEDNKLSQSSIQQELCVS
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Family ZC3H13 family
Function
Associated component of the WMM complex, a complex that mediates N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of RNAs, a modification that plays a role in the efficiency of mRNA splicing and RNA processing . Acts as a key regulator of m6A methylation by promoting m6A methylation of mRNAs at the 3'-UTR (By similarity). Controls embryonic stem cells (ESCs) pluripotency via its role in m6A methylation (By similarity). In the WMM complex, anchors component of the MACOM subcomplex in the nucleus (By similarity). Also required for bridging WTAP to the RNA-binding component RBM15 (RBM15 or RBM15B) (By similarity).
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Gene ID 23091
Uniprot ID
ZC3HD_HUMAN
Regulator Type WRITER ERASER READER
Mechanism Diagram Click to View the Original Diagram
Target Genes Click to View Potential Target Genes of This Regulator
Full List of Target Gene(s) of This m6A Regulator and Corresponding Disease/Drug Response(s)
ZC3H13 can regulate the m6A methylation of following target genes, and result in corresponding disease/drug response(s). You can browse corresponding disease or drug response(s) resulted from the regulation of certain target gene.
Browse Target Gene related Disease
Browse Target Gene related Drug
Kinesin-like protein KIF26B (KIF26B)
Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by ZC3H13
Cell Line mouse embryonic stem cells Mus musculus
Treatment: ZC3H13-/- ESCs
Control: Wild type ESCs
GSE145309
Regulation
logFC: 7.11E-01
p-value: 3.34E-02
More Results Click to View More RNA-seq Results
Solid tumour/cancer [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [1]
Responsed Disease Solid tumour/cancer [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z]
In-vitro Model
SK-LMS-1 Vulvar leiomyosarcoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0628
MDA-MB-157 Breast carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0618
MCF-7 Invasive breast carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0031
In-vivo Model BALB/c nude mice (5 weeks old) were purchased from the Beijing HFK Bioscience Co. Ltd. 2×106 cells (50 uL) were mixed with 50 uL Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) were injected subcutaneously in the rear flank fat pad of the nude mice (N = 6, per group).
Response Summary Ginsenoside Rh2 reduces m6A RNA methylation via downregulating KIF26B expression in some cancer cells. KIF26B elevates m6A RNA methylation via enhancing ZC3H13/CBLL1 nuclear localization. KIF26B-SRF forms a positive feedback loop facilitating tumor growth.
PHD finger protein 10 (PHF10)
Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by ZC3H13
Cell Line mouse embryonic stem cells Mus musculus
Treatment: ZC3H13-/- ESCs
Control: Wild type ESCs
GSE145309
Regulation
logFC: -1.07E+00
p-value: 1.29E-67
More Results Click to View More RNA-seq Results
Pancreatic cancer [ICD-11: 2C10]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [2]
Responsed Disease Pancreatic cancer [ICD-11: 2C10]
Target Regulation Down regulation
Pathway Response Homologous recombination hsa03440
Cell Process Homologous recombination
DNA double strand breaks
In-vitro Model
PANC-1 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0480
MIA PaCa-2 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0428
hTERT-HPNE Normal Homo sapiens CVCL_C466
DR-GFP-U2OS (DR-GFP-U2OS cells used for HR assay were generously provided by Huang Lab (Zhejiang University))
BxPC-3 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0186
Response Summary DNA damage repair is a major barrier for chemotherapy efficacy of pancreatic cancer, it's the first time that PHD finger protein 10 (PHF10) was found and involved in the DNA damage response. ZC3H13 knockdown downregulated the m6A methylation of PHF10 and decreased PHF10 translation in a YTHDF1-dependent manner.
Pyruvate kinase PKM (PKM2/PKM)
Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by ZC3H13
Cell Line Human umbilical vein endothelial cells Homo sapiens
Treatment: siKIAA0853 HUVECs
Control: siControl HUVECs
GSE167067
Regulation
logFC: -9.34E-01
p-value: 1.41E-02
More Results Click to View More RNA-seq Results
Liver cancer [ICD-11: 2C12]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [3]
Responsed Disease Hepatocellular carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C12.02]
Responsed Drug Cisplatin Approved
Target Regulation Down regulation
Pathway Response Central carbon metabolism in cancer hsa05230
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis hsa00010
Cell Process Glycolysis
In-vitro Model
SMMC-7721 Endocervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0534
Huh-7 Adult hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0336
Hep-G2 Hepatoblastoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0027
Hep 3B2.1-7 Childhood hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0326
Response Summary ZC3H13 overexpression sensitized to cisplatin and weakened metabolism reprogramming of HCC cells, ZC3H13-induced m6A modified patterns substantially abolished Pyruvate kinase PKM (PKM2/PKM) mRNA stability.
Centromere protein K (CENPK)
Cervical cancer [ICD-11: 2C77]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [4]
Responsed Disease Cervical cancer [ICD-11: 2C77]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Pathway Response Wnt signaling pathway hsa04310
p53 signaling pathway hsa04115
Cell Process Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
In-vitro Model
SiHa Cervical squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0032
HeLa Endocervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0030
In-vivo Model BALB/c-nu mice were grouped as follows to detect tumor growth: HeLa-sh-NC [mice inoculated with scramble shRNA-infected control HeLa cells (n = 5)] and HeLa-sh-CENPK [mice inoculated with CENPK-targeted shRNA-infected HeLa cells (n = 5)]. The mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 5 × 106 cells/100 uL in the flank. The longest and the shortest diameters of the growing tumors were measured every 3 d with a caliper, and the tumor volume (V) was counted by the following equation: V = (the longest diameter × the shortest diameter2)/2. The mice were grouped as follows to evaluate the tumor-initiating frequency and were inoculated with a series of 5 × 105, 2 × 105, and 5 × 104 cells subcutaneously: HeLa-sh-NC (n = 6); and HeLa-sh-CENPK (n = 6). The mice bearing subcutaneous xenograft tumors were grouped as follows to evaluate tumor chemoresistance: HeLa-sh-NC (n = 10); HeLa-sh-CENPK (n = 10); HeLa-sh-NC + cisplatin [mice inoculated with scramble shRNA-infected control HeLa cells and 3 mg/kg of cisplatin once a week intraperitoneally (ip) for 6 weeks (n = 10)].
Response Summary The study revealed firm links between m6A modification patterns and cervical cancer prognosis, especially through ZC3H13-mediated m6A modification of Centromere protein K (CENPK) mRNA.
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2)
Keloid [ICD-11: EE60]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [5]
Responsed Disease Keloid [ICD-11: EE60.0]
Target Regulation Up regulation
Putative C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-4 (APOBEC4)
Ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2C73]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [6]
Responsed Disease Ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2C73]
In-vitro Model
HEY Ovarian serous adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0297
THP-1 Childhood acute monocytic leukemia Homo sapiens CVCL_0006
Response Summary Putative C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-4 (APOBEC4) was found to be significantly correlated with m6A regulators such as WTAP, METTL14, ZC3H13, RBM15B, and FMR1. APOBEC3A was identified as a protective factor from comprehensive analyses based on the immune microenvironment and genomic instability of ovarian cancer. APOBEC3A had the potential to serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for foretelling the survival and immunotherapy response of ovarian cancer patients.
Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 (IQGAP1)
Thyroid Cancer [ICD-11: 2D10]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [7]
Responsed Disease Papillary thyroid cancer [ICD-11: 2D10.1]
Target Regulation Down regulation
In-vitro Model
B-CPAP Thyroid gland carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0153
KTC-1 Thyroid carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_6300
K1 Thyroid gland papillary carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_2537
HTh83 Thyroid gland anaplastic carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0046
TPC-1 Thyroid gland papillary carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_6298
TEC
N.A. Scophthalmus maximus CVCL_J026
In-vivo Model Female BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 5 of each group) and received neck subcutaneous injection of TPC-1 cell with stable expression of ZC3H13 and IQGAP1 genes. TPC-1 cells were prepared with a density of 1 × 107/mL cell suspension using a complete medium and 0.2 mL of cell suspension was used for injection. After injection, the volume of xenograft was measured every five days, and mice were sacrificed on day 30 to obtain the tumor.
Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1)
Laryngeal cancer [ICD-11: 2C23]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [8]
Responsed Disease Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C23.Z]
Target Regulation Down regulation
In-vitro Model
AMC-HN-8 Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_5966
Tu 177 Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_4913
Tu 686 Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_4916
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 9 (DUSP9)
Brain cancer [ICD-11: 2A00]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [9]
Responsed Disease Brain cancer [ICD-11: 2A00]
Responsed Drug Levetiracetam Approved
Target Regulation Up regulation
In-vitro Model
HMC3
N.A. Homo sapiens CVCL_II76
BV-2 Normal Mus musculus CVCL_0182
LN-229 Glioblastoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0393
A-172 Glioblastoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0131
In-vivo Model One microliter of AAV [pAAV-hSyn-HA-hM3D(Gq)-IRES-mCitrine, AAV9-hSyn-EGFP-miR-NC-knockdown (KD) or AAV9-hSyn-EGFP-miR-200c-3p-KD; 5 × 1012 v.g/mL] was injected into the mouse motor cortex (M1; 1 mm anterior, 1.5 mm lateral to the bregma and at a depth of 1 mm).
hsa_circ_0081723 (Circ_POLR2J2)
Cervical cancer [ICD-11: 2C77]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [10]
Responsed Disease Cervical cancer [ICD-11: 2C77]
In-vitro Model
HeLa Endocervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0030
Ca Ski Cervical squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_1100
In-vivo Model A total of six female BALB/c nude mice (4-week-old) were evenly divided to sh-NC group and sh-circ group. Then, 2 × 107 HeLa cells, transfected with either sh-NC or sh-circ, were subcutaneously injected into the mice. The tumor volume was observed and recorded weekly using a vernier caliper. After 4 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and the tumors were dissected. The tumor from each mouse was imaged, and their weights were measured. This experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Wuhan Third Hospital.
Unspecific Target Gene
Liver cancer [ICD-11: 2C12]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [11]
Responsed Disease Liver cancer [ICD-11: 2C12]
In-vitro Model
Hep 3B2.1-7 Childhood hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0326
Huh-7 Adult hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0336
Cardiomyopathy [ICD-11: BC43]
In total 1 item(s) under this disease
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene [12]
Responsed Disease Cardiomyopathy [ICD-11: BC43]
In-vitro Model
BHK HL-1
N.A. Mesocricetus auratus CVCL_XY23
Pyruvate kinase PKM (PKM2/PKM)
Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by ZC3H13
Cell Line Human umbilical vein endothelial cells Homo sapiens
Treatment: siKIAA0853 HUVECs
Control: siControl HUVECs
GSE167067
Regulation
logFC: -9.34E-01
p-value: 1.41E-02
More Results Click to View More RNA-seq Results
Cisplatin [Approved]
In total 1 item(s) under this drug
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Drug Response of This Target Gene [3]
Responsed Disease Hepatocellular carcinoma ICD-11: 2C12.02
Target Regulation Down regulation
Pathway Response Central carbon metabolism in cancer hsa05230
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis hsa00010
Cell Process Glycolysis
In-vitro Model SMMC-7721 Endocervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0534
Huh-7 Adult hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0336
Hep-G2 Hepatoblastoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0027
Hep 3B2.1-7 Childhood hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0326
Response Summary ZC3H13 overexpression sensitized to cisplatin and weakened metabolism reprogramming of HCC cells, ZC3H13-induced m6A modified patterns substantially abolished Pyruvate kinase PKM (PKM2/PKM) mRNA stability.
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 9 (DUSP9)
Levetiracetam [Approved]
In total 1 item(s) under this drug
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Drug Response of This Target Gene [9]
Responsed Disease Brain cancer ICD-11: 2A00
Target Regulation Up regulation
In-vitro Model
HMC3
N.A. Homo sapiens CVCL_II76
BV-2 Normal Mus musculus CVCL_0182
LN-229 Glioblastoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0393
A-172 Glioblastoma Homo sapiens CVCL_0131
In-vivo Model One microliter of AAV [pAAV-hSyn-HA-hM3D(Gq)-IRES-mCitrine, AAV9-hSyn-EGFP-miR-NC-knockdown (KD) or AAV9-hSyn-EGFP-miR-200c-3p-KD; 5 × 1012 v.g/mL] was injected into the mouse motor cortex (M1; 1 mm anterior, 1.5 mm lateral to the bregma and at a depth of 1 mm).
Full List of Crosstalk(s) between m6A Modification and Epigenetic Regulation Related to This Regulator
RNA modification
m6A Target: Zinc finger protein SNAI1 (SNAI1)
In total 1 item(s) under this m6A target
Crosstalk ID: M6ACROT00484
Epigenetic Regulator Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO)
Regulated Target hsa-mir-22
Crosstalk relationship m6Am → m6A
Non-coding RNA
m6A Target: Dual specificity protein phosphatase 9 (DUSP9)
In total 1 item(s) under this m6A target
Crosstalk ID: M6ACROT05165
Epigenetic Regulator hsa-miR-200c-3p
Regulated Target Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 13 (ZC3H13)
Crosstalk relationship ncRNA → m6A
Disease Brain cancer
Drug Levetiracetam
m6A Target: hsa_circ_0081723 (Circ_POLR2J2)
In total 1 item(s) under this m6A target
Crosstalk ID: M6ACROT05827
Epigenetic Regulator hsa_circ_0081723 (Circ_POLR2J2)
Crosstalk relationship m6A → ncRNA
Disease Cervical cancer
Xenobiotics Compound(s) Regulating the m6A Methylation Regulator
Compound Name Ginsenoside Rh2 Investigative
Synonyms
Ginsenoside Rh2; 78214-33-2; 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2; Ginsenoside-Rh2; (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2; 20(S)-Ginsenoside; CHEBI:77147; 20S-Ginsenoside Rh2; UNII-0JU44A5KWG; 0JU44A5KWG; (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol; (20R)-Ginsenoside Rh2; (3beta,12beta)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside; C36H62O8; (20R)Ginsenoside Rh2; 20(S)-Ginsenoside-RH2; (S)Ginsenoside-Rh2; CHEMBL1783834; DTXSID70999457; 20(S)-Rh2; 112246-15-8; 67400-17-3; HY-N0605; BDBM50023457; Ginsenoside Rh2, analytical standard; MFCD00800712; s9023; s9036; ZINC72129809; AKOS037514675; CCG-270259; CCG-270261; CS-3835; AC-33940; Ginsenoside Rh2; 20(s)-Ginsenoside Rh2; X1143; C22128; 12,20-Dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl hexopyranoside; 214G332; Q-100827; Q27146703; 3beta-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-ene-3beta,20beta-diol; beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3beta,12beta)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl
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External link
Description
Ginsenoside Rh2 reduces m6A RNA methylation via downregulating KIF26B expression in some cancer cells. KIF26B elevates m6A RNA methylation via enhancing ZC3H13/CBLL1 nuclear localization.
[1]
References
Ref 1 Ginsenoside Rh2 reduces m6A RNA methylation in cancer via the KIF26B-SRF positive feedback loop. J Ginseng Res. 2021 Nov;45(6):734-743. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.05.004. Epub 2021 May 25.
Ref 2 ZC3H13-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of PHF10 is impaired by fisetin which inhibits the DNA damage response in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett. 2022 Apr 1;530:16-28. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.013. Epub 2022 Jan 14.
Ref 3 ZC3H13 Inhibits the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through m(6)A-PKM2-Mediated Glycolysis and Enhances Chemosensitivity. J Oncol. 2021 Dec 30;2021:1328444. doi: 10.1155/2021/1328444. eCollection 2021.
Ref 4 N(6)-methyladenosine modification of CENPK mRNA by ZC3H13 promotes cervical cancer stemness and chemoresistance. Mil Med Res. 2022 Apr 14;9(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s40779-022-00378-z.
Ref 5 CN patent application no. 101094684, With the combination of chemokine activation progenitor cells/stem cells.
Ref 6 Comprehensive Analyses Identify APOBEC3A as a Genomic Instability-Associated Immune Prognostic Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer. Front Immunol. 2021 Oct 21;12:749369. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749369. eCollection 2021.
Ref 7 Reduction of sulfamethoxazole and dapsone hydroxylamines by a microsomal enzyme system purified from pig liver and pig and human liver microsomes. Life Sci. 2005 May 27;77(2):205-19. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.12.028. Epub 2005 Feb 8.
Ref 8 Ketobemidone is a substrate for cytochrome P4502C9 and 3A4, but not for P-glycoprotein. Xenobiotica. 2005 Aug;35(8):785-96. doi: 10.1080/00498250500183181.
Ref 9 Liposarcoma: molecular genetics and therapeutics. Sarcoma. 2011;2011:483154. doi: 10.1155/2011/483154. Epub 2010 Dec 27.
Ref 10 The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppression of melanosome transfer. Br J Dermatol. 2002 Jul;147(1):20-31. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04834.x.
Ref 11 A Potent and Selective Dual Inhibitor of AXL and MERTK Possesses Both Immunomodulatory and Tumor-Targeted Activity. Front Oncol. 2020 Dec 7;10:598477. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.598477. eCollection 2020.
Ref 12 The short-chain fatty acid butyrate is a substrate of breast cancer resistance protein. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2011 Nov;301(5):C984-94.