m6A Regulator Information

General Information of the m6A Regulator (ID: REG00003)

Regulator Name	Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2 (HNRNPC)
Synonyms	hnRNP C1/C2; HNRPC Click to Show/Hide
Gene Name	HNRNPC
Sequence	MASNVTNKTDPRSMNSRVFIGNLNTLVVKKSDVEAIFSKYGKIVGCSVHKGFAFVQYVNE RNARAAVAGEDGRMIAGQVLDINLAAEPKVNRGKAGVKRSAAEMYGSVTEHPSPSPLLSS SFDLDYDFQRDYYDRMYSYPARVPPPPPIARAVVPSKRQRVSGNTSRRGKSGFNSKSGQR GSSKSGKLKGDDLQAIKKELTQIKQKVDSLLENLEKIEKEQSKQAVEMKNDKSEEEQSSS SVKKDETNVKMESEGGADDSAEEGDLLDDDDNEDRGDDQLELIKDDEKEAEEGEDDRDSA NGEDDS Click to Show/Hide
Family	RRM HNRPC family; RALY subfamily
Function	Binds pre-mRNA and nucleates the assembly of 40S hnRNP particles. Interacts with poly-U tracts in the 3'-UTR or 5'-UTR of mRNA and modulates the stability and the level of translation of bound mRNA molecules . Single HNRNPC tetramers bind 230-240 nucleotides. Trimers of HNRNPC tetramers bind 700 nucleotides. May play a role in the early steps of spliceosome assembly and pre-mRNA splicing. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been shown to alter the local structure in mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) via a mechanism named 'm(6)A-switch', facilitating binding of HNRNPC, leading to regulation of mRNA splicing. Click to Show/Hide
Gene ID	3183
Uniprot ID	HNRPC_HUMAN
Regulator Type	WRITER ERASER READER
Mechanism Diagram	Click to View the Original Diagram

Target Genes	Click to View Potential Target Genes of This Regulator

Full List of Target Gene(s) of This m6A Regulator and Corresponding Disease/Drug Response(s)

HNRNPC can regulate the m6A methylation of following target genes, and result in corresponding disease/drug response(s). You can browse corresponding disease or drug response(s) resulted from the regulation of certain target gene.

Browse Target Gene related Disease

Browse Target Gene related Drug

Galectin-9 (LGALS9)

Target Gene

*Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by HNRNPC*
Cell Line	MG63 cell line	Homo sapiens
Treatment: HNRNPC knockdown MG63 cells Control: Wild type MG63 cells		GSE63086
Regulation		logFC: -2.10E+00 p-value: 1.66E-04
More Results	Click to View More RNA-seq Results

Brain cancer [ICD-11: 2A00]

In total 1 item(s) under this disease				Disease Info
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene				[1]
Responsed Disease	Glioblastoma [ICD-11: 2A00.00]
In-vitro Model	U-87MG ATCC	Glioblastoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_0022
In-vitro Model	THP-1	Childhood acute monocytic leukemia	Homo sapiens	CVCL_0006
Response Summary	HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPC were extensively expressed in the Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) microenvironment. m6A regulators promoted the stemness state in GBM cancer cells. Cell communication analysis identified genes in the GALECTIN signaling network in GBM samples, and expression of these genes (Galectin-9 (LGALS9), CD44, CD45, and HAVCR2) correlated with that of m6A regulators.

Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial (SOD2)

Target Gene

*Representative RNA-seq result indicating the expression of this target gene regulated by HNRNPC*
Cell Line	MG63 cell line	Homo sapiens
Treatment: HNRNPC knockdown MG63 cells Control: Wild type MG63 cells		GSE63086
Regulation		logFC: -1.14E+00 p-value: 6.60E-05
More Results	Click to View More RNA-seq Results

Bladder cancer [ICD-11: 2C94]

In total 1 item(s) under this disease				Disease Info
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene				[2]
Responsed Disease	Bladder cancer [ICD-11: 2C94]
Target Regulation	Up regulation
Cell Process	Cell apoptosis
	Cell proliferation
	Cell migration
	Cell invasion
In-vitro Model	EJ (Human bladder cancer cells)
	J82	Bladder carcinoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_0359
Response Summary	SNP rs5746136 affects m6A modification and regulate Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial (SOD2) expression by guiding the binding of hnRNPC to SOD2, which played a critical tumor suppressor role in bladder cancer cells by promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion.

CD44 antigen (CD44)

Target Gene

Brain cancer [ICD-11: 2A00]

In total 1 item(s) under this disease				Disease Info
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene				[1]
Responsed Disease	Glioblastoma [ICD-11: 2A00.00]
In-vitro Model	U-87MG ATCC	Glioblastoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_0022
In-vitro Model	THP-1	Childhood acute monocytic leukemia	Homo sapiens	CVCL_0006
Response Summary	HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPC were extensively expressed in the Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) microenvironment. m6A regulators promoted the stemness state in GBM cancer cells. Cell communication analysis identified genes in the GALECTIN signaling network in GBM samples, and expression of these genes (LGALS9, CD44 antigen (CD44), CD45, and HAVCR2) correlated with that of m6A regulators.

Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2)

Target Gene

Brain cancer [ICD-11: 2A00]

In total 1 item(s) under this disease				Disease Info
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene				[1]
Responsed Disease	Glioblastoma [ICD-11: 2A00.00]
In-vitro Model	U-87MG ATCC	Glioblastoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_0022
In-vitro Model	THP-1	Childhood acute monocytic leukemia	Homo sapiens	CVCL_0006
Response Summary	HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPC were extensively expressed in the Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) microenvironment. m6A regulators promoted the stemness state in GBM cancer cells. Cell communication analysis identified genes in the GALECTIN signaling network in GBM samples, and expression of these genes (LGALS9, CD44, CD45, and Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2)) correlated with that of m6A regulators.

Interferon beta (IFNB1)

Target Gene

Parkinson disease [ICD-11: 8A00]

In total 1 item(s) under this disease				Disease Info
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene				[3]
Responsed Disease	Parkinson disease [ICD-11: 8A00]
Target Regulation	Down regulation
Cell Process	Immune inflammation
	Cell apoptosis
In-vitro Model	PC12	Rat adrenal gland pheochromocytoma	Rattus norvegicus	CVCL_0481
Response Summary	Overexpression of HNRNPC can promote the proliferation of PC12 cells, inhibit their apoptosis, and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors Interferon beta (IFNB1), IL-6, and TNF-Alpha, suggesting that HNRNPC can cause PD by inhibiting the proliferation of dopaminergic nerve cells, promoting their apoptosis, and causing immune inflammation.

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (CD45)

Target Gene

Brain cancer [ICD-11: 2A00]

In total 1 item(s) under this disease				Disease Info
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene				[1]
Responsed Disease	Glioblastoma [ICD-11: 2A00.00]
In-vitro Model	U-87MG ATCC	Glioblastoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_0022
In-vitro Model	THP-1	Childhood acute monocytic leukemia	Homo sapiens	CVCL_0006
Response Summary	HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPC were extensively expressed in the Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) microenvironment. m6A regulators promoted the stemness state in GBM cancer cells. Cell communication analysis identified genes in the GALECTIN signaling network in GBM samples, and expression of these genes (LGALS9, CD44, Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (CD45), and HAVCR2) correlated with that of m6A regulators.

microRNA 186 (MIR186)

Target Gene

Esophageal cancer [ICD-11: 2B70]

In total 1 item(s) under this disease				Disease Info
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene				[4]
Responsed Disease	Esophageal cancer [ICD-11: 2B70]
In-vitro Model	HEEC cell line (Normal esophageal epithelial cell line)
	KYSE-30	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_1351
	TE-1	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_1759
Response Summary	HNRNPC, YTHDF, ZC3H13, YTHDC2, and METTL14 were dysregulated in esophageal cancer tissues. miR-186 interacted with HNRNPC and suppressed the expression of HNRNPC. Four miRNAs (microRNA 186 (MIR186), miR-320c, miR-320d, and miR-320b) were used to construct a prognostic signature, which could serve as a prognostic predictor independent from routine clinicopathological features.

hsa-miR-183-3p

Target Gene

Pancreatic cancer [ICD-11: 2C10]

In total 1 item(s) under this disease				Disease Info
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene				[5]
Responsed Disease	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [ICD-11: 2C10.0]
Target Regulation	Down regulation
In-vitro Model	BxPC-3	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_0186
In-vitro Model	CFPAC-1	Cystic fibrosis	Homo sapiens	CVCL_1119
Response Summary	rs7495 in 3'UTR of hnRNPC was associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma susceptibility in a Chinese population. The rs7495, in the hnRNPC 3'UTR, might disrupt a binding site for hsa-miR-183-3p, thus increasing the expression of hnRNPC and promoting the proliferation of PDAC cells.

hsa-miR-320b

Target Gene

Esophageal cancer [ICD-11: 2B70]

In total 1 item(s) under this disease				Disease Info
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene				[4]
Responsed Disease	Esophageal cancer [ICD-11: 2B70]
In-vitro Model	HEEC cell line (Normal esophageal epithelial cell line)
	KYSE-30	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_1351
	TE-1	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_1759
Response Summary	HNRNPC, YTHDF, ZC3H13, YTHDC2, and METTL14 were dysregulated in esophageal cancer tissues. miR-186 interacted with HNRNPC and suppressed the expression of HNRNPC. Four miRNAs (miR-186, miR-320c, miR-320d, and hsa-miR-320b) were used to construct a prognostic signature, which could serve as a prognostic predictor independent from routine clinicopathological features.

hsa-miR-320c

Target Gene

Esophageal cancer [ICD-11: 2B70]

In total 1 item(s) under this disease				Disease Info
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene				[4]
Responsed Disease	Esophageal cancer [ICD-11: 2B70]
In-vitro Model	HEEC cell line (Normal esophageal epithelial cell line)
	KYSE-30	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_1351
	TE-1	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_1759
Response Summary	HNRNPC, YTHDF, ZC3H13, YTHDC2, and METTL14 were dysregulated in esophageal cancer tissues. miR-186 interacted with HNRNPC and suppressed the expression of HNRNPC. Four miRNAs (miR-186, hsa-miR-320c, miR-320d, and miR-320b) were used to construct a prognostic signature, which could serve as a prognostic predictor independent from routine clinicopathological features.

hsa-miR-320d

Target Gene

Esophageal cancer [ICD-11: 2B70]

In total 1 item(s) under this disease				Disease Info
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene				[4]
Responsed Disease	Esophageal cancer [ICD-11: 2B70]
In-vitro Model	HEEC cell line (Normal esophageal epithelial cell line)
	KYSE-30	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_1351
	TE-1	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_1759
Response Summary	HNRNPC, YTHDF, ZC3H13, YTHDC2, and METTL14 were dysregulated in esophageal cancer tissues. miR-186 interacted with HNRNPC and suppressed the expression of HNRNPC. Four miRNAs (miR-186, miR-320c, hsa-miR-320d, and miR-320b) were used to construct a prognostic signature, which could serve as a prognostic predictor independent from routine clinicopathological features.

Unspecific Target Gene

Pancreatic cancer [ICD-11: 2C10]

In total 1 item(s) under this disease				Disease Info
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene				[6]
Responsed Disease	Pancreatic cancer [ICD-11: 2C10]
Responsed Drug	Gemcitabine		Approved	Drug Info
Pathway Response	Adipocytokine signaling pathway			hsa04920

Cell Process	Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
In-vitro Model	BxPC-3	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_0186
	HDE-CT cell line (A normal human pancreatic cell line)
	MIA PaCa-2	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_0428
Response Summary	Lasso regression identified a six-m6A-regulator-signature prognostic model (KIAA1429, HNRNPC, METTL3, YTHDF1, IGF2BP2, and IGF2BP3). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed m6A regulators (KIAA1429, HNRNPC, and IGF2BP2) were related to multiple biological behaviors in pancreatic cancer, including adipocytokine signaling, the well vs. poorly differentiated tumor pathway, tumor metastasis pathway, epithelial mesenchymal transition pathway, gemcitabine resistance pathway, and stemness pathway.

Lung cancer [ICD-11: 2C25]

In total 1 item(s) under this disease		Disease Info
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Disease Response of This Target Gene		[7]
Responsed Disease	Lung adenocarcinoma [ICD-11: 2C25.0]
Response Summary	High HNRNPC expression is significantly related to poor overall survival in patients with LUAD, suggesting that HNRNPC is a cancer-promoting factor and a potential prognostic biomarker in LUAD.

Unspecific Target Gene

Gemcitabine [Approved]

In total 1 item(s) under this drug				Drug Info
Experiment 1 Reporting the m6A-centered Drug Response of This Target Gene				[6]
Responsed Disease	Pancreatic cancer		ICD-11: 2C10	Disease Info
Pathway Response	Adipocytokine signaling pathway			hsa04920

Cell Process	Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
In-vitro Model	BxPC-3	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_0186
	HDE-CT cell line (A normal human pancreatic cell line)
	MIA PaCa-2	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	Homo sapiens	CVCL_0428
Response Summary	Lasso regression identified a six-m6A-regulator-signature prognostic model (KIAA1429, HNRNPC, METTL3, YTHDF1, IGF2BP2, and IGF2BP3). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed m6A regulators (KIAA1429, HNRNPC, and IGF2BP2) were related to multiple biological behaviors in pancreatic cancer, including adipocytokine signaling, the well vs. poorly differentiated tumor pathway, tumor metastasis pathway, epithelial mesenchymal transition pathway, gemcitabine resistance pathway, and stemness pathway.

Click to View Potential Drug Response of This Regulator

Xenobiotics Compound(s) Regulating the m6A Methylation Regulator

Compound Name	Dabigatran	Investigative
Synonyms	Dabigatran; 211914-51-1; BIBR 953; BIBR-953; 3-[[2-[(4-carbamimidoylanilino)methyl]-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carbonyl]-pyridin-2-ylamino]propanoic acid; CHEBI:70752; BIBR 953 (Dabigatran, Pradaxa); UNII-I0VM4M70GC; I0VM4M70GC; BIBR 953 ZW; CHEMBL48361; 3-[[2-[[(4-CARBAMIMIDOYLPHENYL)AMINO]METHYL]-1-METHYL-BENZOIMIDAZOLE-5-CARBONYL]-PYRIDIN-2-YL-AMINO]PROPANOIC ACID; N-[(2-{[(4-Carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-Methyl-1h-Benzimidazol-5-Yl)carbonyl]-N-Pyridin-2-Yl-Beta-Alanine; 3-(2-(((4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino)methyl)-1-methyl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxamido)propanoic acid; C25H25N7O3; 3-[1-(2-{[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-5-yl)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)formamido]propanoic acid; BIBR953; beta-Alanine, N-((2-(((4-(aminoiminomethyl)phenyl)amino)methyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)carbonyl)-N-2-pyridinyl-; BETA-ALANINE, N-[[2-[[[4-(AMINOIMINOMETHYL)PHENYL]AMINO]METHYL]-1-METHYL-1H-BENZIMIDAZOL-5-YL]CARBONYL]-N-2-PYRIDINYL-; Pradaxa (dabigatran); Dabigatran-[13C6]; Dabigatran-D3 solution; Dabigatran (USAN/INN); BIBR 953(Dabigatran); Epitope ID:186729; Dabigatran (BIBR-953); SCHEMBL3573; BIBR 953ZW; BIBR-953ZW; BIBR-953-ZW; Dabigatran [USAN:INN:BAN]; GTPL6380; BIBR 953,Dabigatran, Pradaxa; HSDB 8062; AOB5262; DTXSID50175419; BCP06664; ZINC1910616; BDBM50112086; BIBR 953 - Dabigatran - Pradaxa; MFCD09837830; s2196; STL450902; AKOS005266720; AM81238; CS-1399; DB14726; PB38204; SB20292; NCGC00346575-01; NCGC00346575-06; (non-labelled)Dabigatran-d4 Hydrochloride; AC-25299; AS-11488; HY-10163; BIBR 953 (Dabigatran etexilate, Pradaxa); FT-0648482; FT-0665441; 2,6-Bis[(R)-4-phenyloxazolin-2-yl]pyridine; C21556; D09707; AB01274802-01; AB01274802_02; A815190; Q419345; Q-102529; 1-Methyl-2-[(4-amidinophenyl)aminomethyl]benzimidazol-5-yl-carboxylic acid-N-(2-pyridyl)-N-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)amide; 1-Methyl-2-[N-(4-amidinophenyl)-aminomethyl]-benzimidazol-5-yl-carboxylic acid-N-(2-pyridyl)-N-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)-amide; 1-Methyl-2-[N-(4-amidinophenyl)aminomethyl]benzimidazol-5-yl-carboxylic acid-N-(2-pyridyl)-N-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)amide; 3-(((2-(((4-Carbamimidoylphenyl)amino)methyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)carbonyl)(pyridin-2-yl)amino)propanoic acid; 3-({2-[(4-Carbamimidoyl-phenylamino)-methyl]-1-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carbonyl}-pyridin-2-yl-amino)-propionic acid; 3-[[[2-[(4-carbamimidoylanilino)methyl]-1-methyl-5-benzimidazolyl]-oxomethyl]-(2-pyridinyl)amino]propanoic acid; 3-[[2-[[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl]-1-methyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]carbonyl-pyridin-2-yl-amino]propanoic acid; 3-[[2-[[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl]-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carbonyl]-pyridin-2-ylamino]propanoic acid; b-Alanine,N-[[2-[[[4-(aminoiminomethyl)phenyl]amino]methyl]-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]carbonyl]-N-2-pyridinyl-; N-((2-((p-Amidinoanilino)methyl)-1-methyl-5-benzimidazolyl)carbonyl)-N-2-pyridyl-beta-alanine Click to Show/Hide
External link	CID: 216210
Activity	IC50=60000 nM	[8]
Compound Name	3-[[2-[[4-[N'-[4-[[(3S)-4-[3-[2-[2-[3-[5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoylamino]propoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propylamino]-4-oxo-3-[[4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)diazirin-3-yl]benzoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butyl]carbamimidoyl]anilino]methyl]-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carbonyl]-pyridin-2-ylamino]propanoic acid	Investigative
Synonyms	CHEMBL2216801 Click to Show/Hide
External link	CID: 57415280
Activity	IC50=800 nM	[8]

References

Ref 1	Roles of the m(6)A Modification of RNA in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment as Revealed by Single-Cell Analyses. Front Immunol. 2022 Apr 26;13:798583. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.798583. eCollection 2022.
Ref 2	Genetic variants in N6-methyladenosine are associated with bladder cancer risk in the Chinese population. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Jan;95(1):299-309. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02911-2. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
Ref 3	Influence of N6-Methyladenosine Modification Gene HNRNPC on Cell Phenotype in Parkinson's Disease. Parkinsons Dis. 2021 Dec 20;2021:9919129. doi: 10.1155/2021/9919129. eCollection 2021.
Ref 4	Network analysis of miRNA targeting m6A-related genes in patients with esophageal cancer. PeerJ. 2021 Jul 29;9:e11893. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11893. eCollection 2021.
Ref 5	Identification of genetic variants in m(6)A modification genes associated with pancreatic cancer risk in the Chinese population. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Mar;95(3):1117-1128. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-02978-5. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
Ref 6	Gene Signature and Identification of Clinical Trait-Related m(6) A Regulators in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Genet. 2020 Jul 10;11:522. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00522. eCollection 2020.
Ref 7	Elevated Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein C Expression Correlates With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Surgically Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol. 2021 Jan 25;10:598437. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.598437. eCollection 2020.
Ref 8	Dabigatran and dabigatran ethyl ester: potent inhibitors of ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (NQO2). J Med Chem. 2012 Apr 26;55(8):3934-44. doi: 10.1021/jm3001339. Epub 2012 Apr 17.

m6A Regulator Information

Cite M6AREG

Correspondence

Prof. Feng ZHU

Prof. Shuiping Liu

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